Part of Project Lirec
The ability to infer mental states in others that are not directly observable. Humans start to gain a ToM at around 3 years - i.e. a comprehension of mental states that can influence behaviour.
False belief task (Wimmer and Perner 1983)
In this experiment, a child is told the story of a boy called Maxi. In the presence of Maxi, Maxi's mother puts a bar of chocolate in a blue cupboard. Then, Maxi goes out to play, while his mother puts the chocolate in the green cupboard. When Maxi comes back and looks for the chocolate, the child is asked where Maxi will look after the chocolate: in the blue or in the green cupboard.
This test is usually solvable by children over 5 years old. After around the age of 10, theories of mind become fully developed (there is no difference in experimental testing with adults). This is demonstrated by the use of and understanding of phrases like:
Which indicate separation of the ideas of people and their mind's.
Primates have been proven to understand goals and intentions, but not desires and beliefs.
Two models:
Simulation theory has some basis in processes found in the human mind see Mirror Neuron.
PsychSim: Multi agent simulation - agents can have beliefs about other's beliefs.
Bosse, Memon and Treur: Mindreading and Emotion Reading.
Cog: “Theory of Mind for a Humanoid Robot”, Scassellati.