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| borrowed_scenery [2011-03-11 09:33] – maja | borrowed_scenery [2021-09-01 09:55] (current) – [jiejing (借景) "borrow/lend scenery"] nik |
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| ==== borrowed scenery - 借景 ==== | ==== borrowed scenery - 借景 ==== |
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| via: wikipedia & various sources (cf. [[wp>Borrowed_scenery]]) | via: wikipedia & various sources (cf. [[wp>Borrowed_scenery]]). see also [[parn:garginz]] and http://fo.am/borrowed-scenery |
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| Shakkei (借景 C:jie jing, J:shakkei) was originally codified in the oldest extant Japanese garden manual, the Sakuteiki (作庭記, Sakuteiki "Records of Garden Making"). This text, which is attributed to Tachibana Toshitsuna (橘俊綱, 1028-1094 CE), a son of the Byodoin's designer Fujiwara no Yorimichi (藤原頼通, 990-1074 CE), records the Heian period’s attention to a concept called "mono no aware" (物の哀れ) "the pathos of things". | Shakkei (借景 C:jie jing, J:shakkei) was originally codified in the oldest extant Japanese garden manual, the Sakuteiki (作庭記, Sakuteiki "Records of Garden Making"). This text, which is attributed to Tachibana Toshitsuna (橘俊綱, 1028-1094 CE), a son of the Byodoin's designer Fujiwara no Yorimichi (藤原頼通, 990-1074 CE), records the Heian period’s attention to a concept called "mono no aware" (物の哀れ) "the pathos of things". |
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| These four principle tenets guiding Japanese garden organization are, | ==== Four principle tenets guiding Japanese garden organization ==== |
| * shotoku no sansui (生得の山水, shotoku no sansui "natural mountain river") intending to create in the likeness of nature | * shotoku no sansui (生得の山水, shotoku no sansui "natural mountain river") intending to create in the likeness of nature |
| * kōhan no shitagau (湖畔に従う, kōhan no shitagau "follow the lakeshore") planning in accordance with the site topography | * kōhan no shitagau (湖畔に従う, kōhan no shitagau "follow the lakeshore") planning in accordance with the site topography |
| * fuzei (風情, fuzei "feeling of wind") capturing and presenting the ambience | * fuzei (風情, fuzei "feeling of wind") capturing and presenting the ambience |
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| Best known (still existing) shakkei gardens in Japan: | ==== jiejing (借景) "borrow/lend scenery" ==== |
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| Kyoto: | The Chinese counterpart of shakkei (借景) is jiejing (借景) "borrow/lend scenery". According to the 1635 CE Chinese garden manual Yuanye (園冶), there are four categories of "borrowing", |
| | * 遠借 "distant borrowing", enshaku (jp) yuanjie (zh). e.g., mountains, lakes. |
| | * 隣借 "adjacent borrowing", rinshaku (jp) linjie (zh). neighboring buildings and features. |
| | * 仰借 "upward borrowing", gyōshaku (jp) yangjie (zh). clouds, stars. |
| | * 俯借 "downward borrowing", fushaku (jp) fujie (zh). rocks, ponds. |
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| | ====Best known (still existing) shakkei gardens in Japan==== |
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| | Kyoto |
| * [[http://www.artofjpn.com/kyoto/entsuji.html | Entsuuji 円通寺 and Mt. Hiei 比叡]] | * [[http://www.artofjpn.com/kyoto/entsuji.html | Entsuuji 円通寺 and Mt. Hiei 比叡]] |
| * [[http://www.japannet.de/kyoto/higashi/murinan.html | Murin'an 無隣庵 and Higashiyama 東山]] | * [[http://www.japannet.de/kyoto/higashi/murinan.html | Murin'an 無隣庵 and Higashiyama 東山]] |
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| | Nara |
| Nara: | |
| * [[http://www.oct.zaq.ne.jp/mukaitak/jikouin.htm | Jikouin 慈光院 and the Tomio 富雄 River]] | * [[http://www.oct.zaq.ne.jp/mukaitak/jikouin.htm | Jikouin 慈光院 and the Tomio 富雄 River]] |
| * [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isuien_Garden | Isuien 依水園 and the Great South Gate, Nandaimon,南大門 at Todaiji 東大寺]] | * [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isuien_Garden | Isuien 依水園 and the Great South Gate, Nandaimon,南大門 at Todaiji 東大寺]] |
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| Kanagawa prefecture: | Kanagawa prefecture |
| * Koki'an 古稀庵 and Sagami 相模 Bay | * Koki'an 古稀庵 and Sagami 相模 Bay |
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| The Chinese counterpart of shakkei (借景) is jiejing (借景) "borrow/lend scenery". According to the 1635 CE Chinese garden manual Yuanye (園冶), there are four categories of "borrowing", | |
| * yuanjie (遠借 "distant borrowing", e.g., mountains, lakes) | |
| * linjie (隣借 "adjacent borrowing", neighboring buildings and features) | |
| * yangjie (仰借 "upward borrowing", clouds, stars) | |
| * fujie (俯借 "downward borrowing", rocks, ponds); respectively Japanese enshaku, rinshaku, gyōshaku, and fushaku. | |
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| ==== Penjing ==== | ==== Penjing ==== |
| * ya – elegance | * ya – elegance |
| * pingdan - plainness | * pingdan - plainness |
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| | for related thoughts in European context: see the [[reading notes]] for [[Archaeology of Natural Places]] |
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| [[project_groworld]] | [[project_groworld]] |
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nik