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--- art_robots [2009-01-14 12:44] – davegriffiths
+++ art_robots [2009-04-02 09:25] – davegriffiths
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 ======An Art Robots Timeline======
+See also [[Category Robotics]] and [[Project Lirec]]
 ======Era of magic, weights and pulleys======
@@ Line 25: / Line 27: @@
 Scene 1 from Nauplius, on Hero's Automaton Theater
+  * http://www.deadmedia.org/notes/16/169.html
   * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_of_Alexandria
   * http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/HeronAlexandria2.htm
@@ Line 38: / Line 41: @@
   * http://orgs.uww.edu/avista/engines.htm
-**Johannes Müller von Königsberg** or "Regiomontanus" as he prefered to be known (and has a crater on the moon named after him) is recorded as having built two automatons:
+**Johannes Müller von Königsberg** or "Regiomontanus" as he prefered to be known (and has a crater on the moon named after him) is recorded as having built two automata:
   * A Wooden eagle which "flew forth" out of Nuremberg and met Emperor Maximilian, saluted him and flew home.
   * An iron fly:
@@ Line 61: / Line 64: @@
 **Prague Orloj Astronomical clock**: Built by clockmaker Mikuláš of Kadaň and Jan Šindel in 1410:
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prague_Astronomical_Clock
+**Leonardo da Vinci** designed many automata, including a Lion and a Knight. His programmable cart was the basis for these machines, and has been built in modern times from his plans by [[http://www.anthrobot.com/press/article_leo_programmable.html|Mark Rosheim]].
+{{:progautomaton.jpg|}}
+Leonardo's programmable cart.
 =====16th Century=====
-**Pierre Jaquet-Droz** Built many intricate automatons, The Writer (made of 6000 pieces), The Musician (2500 pieces) and The Draughtsman (2000 pieces). These can now be seen at the [[http://www.mahn.ch/|Museum of Art and History]], Neuchatel, Switzerland.
+**Pierre Jaquet-Droz** Built intricate automata which survive today, The Writer (made of 6000 pieces), The Musician (2500 pieces) and The Draughtsman (2000 pieces). These can now be seen at the [[http://www.mahn.ch/|Museum of Art and History]], Neuchatel, Switzerland.
 {{:droz2.jpg|}}
@@ Line 72: / Line 81: @@
   * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Jaquet-Droz
+=====18th Century=====
+**Jacques de Vaucanson** (1709) Built robots to serve dinner to politicians. His most famous work is the [[wp>Digesting Duck]]:
+{{:duck_of_vaucanson.jpg|}}
+<blockquote>Voltaire wrote that “without [...] the duck of Vaucanson, you have nothing to remind you of the glory of France.” (”Sans…le canard de Vaucanson vous n’auriez rien qui fit ressouvenir de la gloire de la France.”) This is often misquoted as “Without the shitting duck, we would have nothing to remind us of the glory of France.”</blockquote>
 ======Era of electricity======
-=====1960=====
+=====19th Century=====
+**[[http://naval-history.suite101.com/article.cfm/the_robot_boat_of_nikola_tesla|The Robot Boat]] of Nikola Tesla** In 1898. //"When first shown... it created a sensation such as no other invention of mine has ever produced."//
+=====20th/21st Century=====
+====Robots as art====
+  * **1964** Nam June Paik and Shuya Abe [[http://www.mediaartnet.org/works/robot-k-456/|Robot K-456]] "As Paik guided it through the streets, K-456 played a recording of John F. Kennedy's inaugural address and excreted beans." Later hit by a car in an artistic statement/prank by Paik on technologies out of control.
+  * **1966** Tom Shannon's Squat - using an electrified plant as a sensor, squat detected human presence and indicated this by changing it's behaviour.
+  * **1970** [[http://www.senster.com/|Senster]] by Edward Ihnatowicz, 15 feet long sound reactive sculpture commissioned by Phillips for exhibition in Eindhoven. Senster was interactive with it's audience, and was programmed to be attracted to quiet viewers, while moving away from louder agitated viewers. Allegedly the first computer controlled artwork, employing the use of a digital Philips minicomputer in order to process sound.
+  * **1976** [[http://www.normill.ca/|Norman White]]'s Menage, a homage to W. Grey Walter, an early pioneer in brain research and the artificial modelling of organic behavior - Menage consisted of five light reactive robots, some on ceiling tracks which locked onto each other's light sources and exhibited complex behaviour.
+{{:menage.jpg|}}
+Norman's core art-beliefs:
+  - Art should concern itself as much with behavior as it does with appearance.
+  - Some of the best art happens when behavior and appearance are completely at odds with each other.
+  - Economy of means is a critical part of aesthetics.
+  - Art functions best, and is most needed, outside of galleries and museums.
+  * [[http://www.seawright.net/jamesseawright/index.html|James Seawright]] created many electronic interactive art installations from the late 60's onwards which incorporated robotic elements.
+  * [[http://www.olats.org/schoffer/eindex.htm|Nicolas Schöffer]] cybernetic art through painting, sculpture and town planning.
+  * [[http://www.crashingart.com/|David Karave]] believes that robots are the next step in art history:
+   - Early painting (1 dimensional rendition)
+   - Modern painting (2 dimensional rendition)
+   - Sculpture (3 dimensional rendition)
+   - Photograph (2 dimensional representation)
+   - Moving image (2 dimensional rendition/representation in time)
+   - Robotics (3 dimensional rendition in time)
+   - Cinematic Theatre/Holograms/genetic art (3 dimensional representation in time)
+  * [[http://www.livingsculpture.com/|Yves Amu Klein]] wearable robots, parallels with Lirec research:
+<blockquote>
+Imagine being able to wear bracelets, earrings, badges, and necklaces that develop an intimate relationship with you, reacting to you in many different ways. This is the goal of Living Jewelry. Each piece of Living Jewelry can learn to recognize different qualities in your voice and movement, discovering more of your personality and behavior.</blockquote>
+  * [[http://billvorn.concordia.ca/menuall.html|Bill Vorn]]
+  * [[http://www.xs4all.nl/~notnot/index.html|Driessens & Verstappen]] including a [[http://www.xs4all.nl/~notnot/tickle/TICKLEcat.html|tickle robot]]
+  * **1995** Ken Goldberg, Joseph Santarromana, George Bekey, Steven Gentner, Rosemary Morris, Carl Sutter, and Jeff Wiegley, [[http://www.usc.edu/dept/garden/\Telegarden]] - a robot controlled by remote operators to create and maintain a communal garden.
+{{:telegarden.jpg?300|}}
+====Robots as theatre====
+  * [[http://www.stelarc.va.com.au/|Stelarc]]
+  * [[http://www.srl.org/|Survival Research Labs]] Industrial scale robotic performance, with lots of explosions.
+====Robot generated art====
+  * Harold Cohen's automatic artist experiments: [[http://crca.ucsd.edu/~hcohen/]]
-=====1970=====
+====Robot art events====
-**Senster**: 1970-1974 http://www.senster.com/
+  * [[http://artbots.org/|ArtBots]] - A talent show for robots.
-=====1980=====
+====Articles on robot art====
-=====1990=====
+  * [[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0425/is_n3_v56/ai_20377595|Foundation and development of robotic art]] Art Journal 1997 Eduardo Kac.
+  * [[http://www.ekac.org/robotichronology.html|Robotic Art Chronology]] by Eduardo Kac.
-=====2000=====