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cultural_peculiarities [2008-04-17 14:30] – sanjeev | cultural_peculiarities [2008-05-17 11:17] – sanjeev | ||
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- | === Possibilities for urban permaculture kits === | + | === Cultural peculiarites and perspectives |
These notes form a part of [[sanjeev shankar]]' | These notes form a part of [[sanjeev shankar]]' | ||
- | " Culture is more often a source of conflict than of synergy. Cultural differences are a nuisance at best and often a disaster." | + | An understanding of cultural peculiarities and metaphors can facilitate a deeper understanding to create localised solutions and create strategies to motivate people. From 1970 onwards, |
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- | We all tend to have a human instinct that 'deep inside' | + | |
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- | **Individualism versus collectivism** refers to the relationship between individuals and groups. Individualistic cultures consider individuals as core of the social structure and expect individuals to look after themselves. Collective cultures stress the importance of groups and expect members of a group to support each other. India is almost two times more collectively oriented than US and UK. | + | **Individualism versus collectivism** refers to the relationship between individuals and groups. Individualistic cultures consider individuals as core of the social structure and expect individuals to look after themselves. Collective cultures stress the importance of groups and expect members of a group to support each other. India is almost two times more collectively oriented than US and UK. It is a collective culture, where group affiliations take precedence over individual goals, and members of a group strongly support each other. Word of mouth and encouragement from family and friends |
- | It is a collective culture, where group affiliations take precedence over individual goals, and members of a group strongly support each other. Word of mouth and encouragement from family and friends | + | |
+ | **Power distance** is the extent to which the weaker members of a society accept inequality in power. Despite the caste system being forbidden and the government operating a positive discrimination policy towards the ' | ||
- | **Power distance** is the extent to which the weaker members of a society | + | **Uncertainty avoidance** is the extent to which a society |
- | **Uncertainty avoidance** is the extent | + | **Masculinity versus femininity** refers |
- | **Masculinity versus femininity** refers to the distribution of emotional roles between genders. Masculinity stands for a society where gender roles are clearly distinct (e.g. men are competitive and tough; women are caring and social orientated). Femininity stands for a society where social gender roles overlap. India, especially rural India has a high masculinity versus femininity ratio. | + | **Long-term versus short-term orientation** refers to the extent to which members of a culture are willing to accept delayed gratification of material, social and emotional needs. Long-term orientation encourages virtues oriented towards future rewards. Short-term orientation promotes virtues related to rewards at the present time. Thrift, perseverance and patience are major virtues in long term orientation societies. These qualities affect the way people are willing to change well established behavioural patterns and affect people’s perception of time and waiting. India and Japan show long-term orientation whereas, US and UK are short-term oriented. |
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- | Long-term versus short-term orientation** refers to the extent to which members of a culture are willing to accept delayed gratification of material, social and emotional needs. Long-term orientation encourages virtues oriented towards future rewards. Short-term orientation promotes virtues related to rewards at the present time. Thrift, perseverance and patience are major virtues in long term orientation societies. These qualities affect the way people are willing to change well established behavioural patterns and affect people’s perception of time and waiting | + | |
- | Another crucial aspect is of **Communication**. India is hampered by illiteracy and language variety. Some 35% of the population is illiterate and the percentage rises to 46% among the women. Hindi is the principal official language but the Indian Constitution recognises another 17 official languages. This is a crucial statistic since words and their associative meanings play a crucial role in the Indian context. | + | Another crucial aspect is of **Communication**. India is hampered by illiteracy and language variety. Some 35% of the population is illiterate and the percentage rises to 46% among the women. Hindi is the principal official language but the Indian Constitution recognises another 17 official languages. This is a crucial statistic since words and their associative meanings play a crucial role in the Indian context. |