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==== Machine Ecology Notes ====

Robots als meetinstrumenten die het landschap in kaart brengen, voedselbronnen mappen, microclimaten mappen, een historie opbouwen en kennis uitwisselen.\\
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Wolven zijn lichtvoetig, een gedomesticeerde wolfshond is veel logger en trapt de grond vast.\\
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We weten eigenlijk niet wat er in successie gebeurt na de eik als climaxvegetatie.\\
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Vee is voor industrialisatie 'gestandardiseerd' om in het proces te passen. Vroeger hadden koeien uiers op verschillende plekken, datis niet handig voor een melkrobot. Ecologische robotica werkt precies tegenovergestelde richting; plaatst machines in een diverse, wilde omgeving en past het aan die complexe wereld aan.\\
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<blockquote>There is an increasing need in the application of mobile robotics, particularly outdoors, in which autonomy and environmental constraints play a critical role. An example is environmental and security monitoring. In this kind of long endurance applications one key aspect is if the limited energy available to the robot is suitable to a successful mission. For instance, considering a monitoring mission using a mobile robot, with a duration that can go from months to years, it is unlikely to have an energy storage system that can accommodate the total energy required for the robot to accomplish the mission. [[http://www.ieee-ras.org/energy-environment-and-safety-issues-in-robotics-and-automation|IEEE]]
</blockquote><blockquote>Speak to any experienced garden vegetable grower about the acceptability of running a car over their vegetable plot and I guess they would look at you in horror! And yet this is what farmers worldwide have done with their machines for many years because of the difficulty of doing otherwise. As the drive for improved production efficiency has risen together with labour costs, farm machines have increased dramatically in size and crucially in weight. When soil at 0.5m depth changes (and mostly for the worse) as a result of surface pressure, it is often uneconomic to repair in the short term and may take decades through natural processes. And the process is self-perpetuating: a heavier machine creates more compaction and a yet bigger and more powerful tractor is needed to try and remove it! It’s a vicious circle and yet there’s been little impetus to break it. Soil compaction is a serious problem. Crop yields on average are reduced by 12% due to soil compaction while energy inputs can often be doubled. Similarly, compacted soils don't absorb as much water leading to fertiliser run-off, soil erosion and loss of chemicals and nutrients.Water-logging events can also rise, leading to increased emissions of nitrous oxide, a gas about 300 times more damaging to the atmosphere than carbon dioxide. [[http://www.eurageng.eu/sites/eurageng.eu/files/docs/Newsletter%20Winter2014.pdf|Tim Chamen]]</blockquote>