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| research_report_sanjeev-shankar [2008-04-01 15:36] – sanjeev | research_report_sanjeev-shankar [2008-04-02 11:50] – sanjeev |
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| For many, the Permaculture focus on land and natural resource management is complimentary to the industrial focus of the "green tech" optimists, but there are differences. Permaculture: | For many, the Permaculture focus on land and natural resource management is complimentary to the industrial focus of the "green tech" optimists, but there are differences. Permaculture: |
| * gives priority to using existing wealth to rebuilding natural capital, especially trees and forests, as a proven storage of wealth to sustain humanity into a future with less fossil fuel. | * gives priority to using existing wealth to rebuilding natural capital, especially trees and forests, as a proven storage of wealth to sustain humanity into a future with less fossil fuel. |
| * emphasises bottom-up "redesign" processes, starting with the individual and household as drivers for change at the market, community and cultural level | * emphasises bottom-up "redesign" processes, starting with the individual and household as drivers for change at the market, community and cultural level |
| * more fundamentally, was predicated on the likelihood of some degree of collapse and breakdown in technology, economics and even society, which is not envisaged or designed for by the "green tech" optimists but is a current reality for many people around the world. | * more fundamentally, was predicated on the likelihood of some degree of collapse and breakdown in technology, economics and even society, which is not envisaged or designed for by the "green tech" optimists but is a current reality for many people around the world. |
| * sees pre-industrial sustainable societies as providing models that reflect the more general system design principles observable in nature,and relevant to post-industrial systems. | * sees pre-industrial sustainable societies as providing models that reflect the more general system design principles observable in nature,and relevant to post-industrial systems. |
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| The assumptions on which permaculture was originally based were: | The assumptions on which permaculture was originally based were: |
| * The environmental crisis is real and its magnitude and impact directly threatens our survival. | * The environmental crisis is real and its magnitude and impact directly threatens our survival. |
| * The ongoing impact of golbal industrial society and human numbers on biodiversity would be far greater than has ever been. | * The ongoing impact of golbal industrial society and human numbers on biodiversity would be far greater than has ever been. |
| * Humans are subject to the same scientific laws which govern the entire universe including the evolution of life. | * Humans are subject to the same scientific laws which govern the entire universe including the evolution of life. |
| * The inevitable depletion of non-renewable fuels will see a return to general pre-industrial systems dependent on renewable energy and resources. | * The inevitable depletion of non-renewable fuels will see a return to general pre-industrial systems dependent on renewable energy and resources. |
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| Further, insofar as permaculture is an appropriate response to limitations on use of energy and natural resources, it will move on from its current status as "alternative response to environmental crisis" to the social and economic mainstream of the post-industrial era. Whether it will be called permaculture or not is a secondary matter. | Further, insofar as permaculture is an appropriate response to limitations on use of energy and natural resources, it will move on from its current status as "alternative response to environmental crisis" to the social and economic mainstream of the post-industrial era. Whether it will be called permaculture or not is a secondary matter. |
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| Permaculture is a wholehearted adaptation to the ecological realities of decline and offers us a graceful and ethical descent. The process for providing for people's needs within ecological limits requires a cultural revolution. We appear to have little time to achieve ths revolution and in this context, the idea of simple set of guiding //design principles// which have wide, universal application is attractive. The following principles are slogans which act as a checklist when considering complex options for design and evolution of ecological support systems. | Permaculture is a wholehearted adaptation to the ecological realities of decline and offers us a graceful and ethical descent. The process for providing for people's needs within ecological limits requires a cultural revolution. We appear to have little time to achieve ths revolution and in this context, the idea of simple set of guiding //design principles// which have wide, universal application is attractive. The following principles are slogans which act as a checklist when considering complex options for design and evolution of ecological support systems. |
| 1.Observe and Interact | 1.Observe and Interact |
| 2.Catch and store energy | 2.Catch and store energy |
| 3.Obtain a yield | 3.Obtain a yield |
| 4.Apply self-regulation and accept feedback | 4.Apply self-regulation and accept feedback |
| 5.Use and value renewable resources and services | 5.Use and value renewable resources and services |
| 6.Produce no waste | 6.Produce no waste |
| 7.Design from patterns to details | 7.Design from patterns to details |
| 8.Integrate rather than segregate | 8.Integrate rather than segregate |
| 9.Use small and slow solutions | 9.Use small and slow solutions |
| 10.Use and value diversity | 10.Use and value diversity |
| 11.Use edges and value the marginal | 11.Use edges and value the marginal |
| 12.Creatiively use and respond to change | 12.Creatiively use and respond to change |
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| Now, in a situation of descent, //ethics// become indispensable and through their culturally evolved systemic nature lead us to create a more inclusive view of who and what constitutes "us". The three broad maxims or principles which cover these are given below: | Now, in a situation of descent, //ethics// become indispensable and through their culturally evolved systemic nature lead us to create a more inclusive view of who and what constitutes "us". The three broad maxims or principles which cover these are given below: |
| * //description and suggestions around the collaboration process (if applicable)// | * //description and suggestions around the collaboration process (if applicable)// |
| * //suggestions for the future work based on the conclusions of the research// | * //suggestions for the future work based on the conclusions of the research// |
| * //comments on the response of the public (if applicable)// | |
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| ====References==== | ====References==== |
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| The claims and insights in this research have been informed by the interviews, site visits and surveys conducted by the design researcher. The surveys have been based on online research and published papers and books. | The claims and insights in this research have been informed by the [[delhi interviews|interviews]], [[site visit and survey notes|site visits and surveys]] conducted by the design researcher. The surveys have been based on online research and published papers and books. |
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| * //literature used in the research (books, magazines, journals, URLs...)// | Books |
| | * An Agricultural Testament by Sir Albert Howard |
| | * Permaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability by David Holmgren |
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| URLS (these should be included as footnotes for the relevant sections) | URLs |
| * http://www.sarai.net/fellowships/associate/debkamal-ganguly | * http://www.sarai.net/fellowships/associate/debkamal-ganguly |
| * http://www.teriin.org/sector_search.php?sector=11&tp=Projects | * http://www.teriin.org/sector_search.php?sector=11&tp=Projects |
| * http://www.materialecology.com/ | * http://www.materialecology.com/ |
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| * //media used in the research (film, audiovisual media, photographs...)// | Films |
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| 1. Power of community: Produced by the community solution organization, the film explores the peak oil crisis with focus on community based solutions that reflect the values of cooperation, conservation and curtailment. The film captures the free fall of Cuba's economy in early 90's with the fall of the Soviet Union and its brilliant turnaround using drastic measures to become self reliant. It demonstrates the role of community in dealing with acute challenges. Every aspect of cuban life was affected by the 'special period', but no change was as far reaching as agriculture. Cuba was forced to switch to survival agriculture from the green revolution practices it was accustomed to. A drastic effort to convert every piece of arable land to organic agriculture was begin. An urban agriculture movement resulted where every vacant lot in the city was converted into an orchard. Under urban gardening, idle plots of land were identified, cleaned and turned into gardens by the community. The people cooperating and caring about each other were the main factors for the turnaround. With sustainable practices Cuba found that it took 3 to 5 years to rehabilitate the soil again. To increase food production the government worked with farmers to find local solutions. The result was smaller farms and cooperatives with a high degree of privatization and autonomy. These were able to use sustainable practices in a much more efficient manner and created new ways of decentralized growth under a larger umbrella. With a more stable method of land distribution and ownership, thousands moved to rural areas. The impact was also felt in the education, housng, transportation and energy alternatives realms resulting in improvised solutions from the people and the government which has not only created a unique model for all of us but also reinstilled faith in the power of simple steps taken at a community level. | * Power of community: Produced by the community solution organization, the film explores the peak oil crisis with focus on community based solutions that reflect the values of cooperation, conservation and curtailment. The film captures the free fall of Cuba's economy in early 90's with the fall of the Soviet Union and its brilliant turnaround using drastic measures to become self reliant. It demonstrates the role of community in dealing with acute challenges. Every aspect of cuban life was affected by the 'special period', but no change was as far reaching as agriculture. Cuba was forced to switch to survival agriculture from the green revolution practices it was accustomed to. A drastic effort to convert every piece of arable land to organic agriculture was begin. An urban agriculture movement resulted where every vacant lot in the city was converted into an orchard. Under urban gardening, idle plots of land were identified, cleaned and turned into gardens by the community. The people cooperating and caring about each other were the main factors for the turnaround. With sustainable practices Cuba found that it took 3 to 5 years to rehabilitate the soil again. To increase food production the government worked with farmers to find local solutions. The result was smaller farms and cooperatives with a high degree of privatization and autonomy. These were able to use sustainable practices in a much more efficient manner and created new ways of decentralized growth under a larger umbrella. With a more stable method of land distribution and ownership, thousands moved to rural areas. The impact was also felt in the education, housng, transportation and energy alternatives realms resulting in improvised solutions from the people and the government which has not only created a unique model for all of us but also reinstilled faith in the power of simple steps taken at a community level. |
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| * //visual/sonic/tactile material generated in the research to be archived at [[FoAM]]// | |
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| | * Bill Mollison-Global Gardener Series 1-4 |
| | * Bill Mollison-Funding the Revolution |
| | * Bill Mollison-Permaculture Design Course |
| | * Farming with Nature-A case study of successful temperate Permaculture |
| | * Permaculture- Sepp Holzer - Aquaculture-Synergy of Land and Water |
| | * Permaculture- Emilia Hazelip-Synergistic Garden |
sanjeev